The main wetland types are classified based on the dominant plants and/or the source of the water. The water in wetlands is either freshwater, brackish or saltwater. Wetlands occur naturally on every continent. Constructed wetlands may also play a role in water-sensitive urban design. Constructed wetlands are designed and built to treat municipal and industrial wastewater as well as to divert stormwater runoff. These methods have contributed to wetland conservation partly by raising public awareness of the functions some wetlands provide. Methods for assessing wetland functions, wetland ecological health, and general wetland condition have been developed for many regions of the world. Wetlands are considered among the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal species. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from terrestrial land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique anoxic hydric soils. Flooding results in oxygen-free ( anoxic) processes prevailing, especially in the soils. Wetlands, or simply a wetland, is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently (for years or decades) or seasonally (for weeks or months). lacustrine zones Freshwater swamp forest in Bangladesh A freshwater cattail ( Typha) marsh that develops with standing water and high soil fertility Peat bogs are freshwater wetlands that develop in areas with standing water and low soil fertility. Wetlands come in different sizes, types, and locations.
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